Budget and Finance

Budgeting and taxation are key instruments for implementing government policies. Budgeting and taxation are key tools for regulating economic conditions. In fact, they are often at the heart of debates, both in periods of growth and crisis. All the analyses of our contributing economists can be found below.

How the ECB implements its monetary policy: yesterday, today, and tomorrow (Note)

Summary: For a long time, the European Central Bank’s (ECB) monetary policy was based on steering the overnight interbank market rate (EONIA), which was kept at the center of a rate corridor, close to the main refinancing operations rate (REFI rate). The massive injections of liquidity implemented since 2008 have profoundly changed this framework, leading

The return of securitization in Europe – Part 2 (Note)

Abstract : : A previous article showed how the STS (Simple, Transparent, Standardized) framework has made securitization safer since 2008. Despite this, the European market remains atrophied: €244.9 billion in 2024, 60% less than in 2008 and only 15.8% of the US market. The obstacles are structural. European insurers, penalized by Solvency II, allocate only 0.33%